Advanced Placement (AP) English Literature Practice Exam

What best characterizes bathos in writing?

1. A shift from mundane to extraordinary themes

2. An abrupt change from the serious to the trivial

3. An expansion of characterization

4. A rising tension in the narrative

The correct answer is: An abrupt change from the serious to the trivial

Bathos in writing is best characterized by an abrupt change from the serious to the trivial. This literary device often aims to create a comical or overly sentimental effect by juxtaposing lofty, elevated subjects with mundane or trivial ones. This sudden shift can elicit a reaction from the audience, often one of surprise or laughter, as the dramatic tone is undercut by the triviality that follows. In contrast, the other options do not capture the essence of bathos effectively. A shift from mundane to extraordinary themes is more about elevating the subject matter rather than demeaning it, which is not reflective of bathos. An expansion of characterization pertains more to deepening character development rather than structural shifts in tone. A rising tension in the narrative relates to the progression of plot and conflict and does not align with the abrupt tonal shifts that define bathos.