Advanced Placement (AP) English Literature Practice Exam

What does the term 'pathetic fallacy' refer to in literature?

1. The attributing of human traits to nature

2. A technique using hyperbole for emphasis

3. A humorous misstatement of facts

4. A literary form focused on personal feelings

The correct answer is: The attributing of human traits to nature

The term 'pathetic fallacy' refers specifically to the attribution of human emotions or characteristics to nature or inanimate objects. This literary device often helps to reflect the emotional state of characters by mirroring their feelings in the surrounding environment. For example, describing a stormy sky when a character is feeling angry or sad creates a deeper emotional resonance and connection between the character's inner experiences and the external world. This technique enhances thematic depth and mood, allowing readers to engage with the narrative on a more visceral level. The other options, although valuable in their own contexts, do not accurately capture the essence of pathetic fallacy. Instead, they refer to different literary devices or techniques that serve distinct purposes in writing.