Advanced Placement (AP) English Literature Practice Exam

Which of the following best defines analogy?

1. A direct comparison of unlike things

2. A similarity between two different entities

3. A literary device used exclusively in poetry

4. An argument used to persuade

The correct answer is: A similarity between two different entities

The definition of analogy as a similarity between two different entities highlights the essence of how analogies function. They draw parallels between seemingly unrelated subjects to illuminate an idea or concept, thereby enabling a deeper understanding through the relationship established. This process often involves comparing the structure or functional qualities of two disparate things to suggest similarities in their circumstances or characteristics. For instance, in literature or everyday conversation, one might say, "Life is like a box of chocolates; you never know what you're going to get," where the comparison draws a similarity between life and a box of chocolates, illustrating the unpredictability of both. This is an effective use of analogy, as it encourages the audience to think of the qualities of both items in relation to each other. The other choices do not capture the nuanced function of an analogy accurately. A direct comparison of unlike things focuses on the nature of the comparison without emphasizing the shared similarities that allow for insight. Considering a literary device used exclusively in poetry excludes the widespread use of analogies in prose, conversation, and various forms of writing. Lastly, describing an analogy as an argument used to persuade suggests a more specific use, while not all analogies are intended to persuade; they primarily aim to explain or clarify connections. Thus, recognizing analogy as